Sancta Katherina - Revision history

Hkllm at 10:42, 3 March 2012

2012-03-03T10:42:18Z

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			by Göran Bäärnhielm

	Catherine was born in 1331 or 1332 as the fourth child of >Sancta Birgitta and Ulf Gudmarsson. She was married to the knight Eggard van Kyren but convinced her husband to preserve her virginity. In 1350 she followed her mother to Rome and stayed with her until her death in 1373. She then returned to Sweden bringing her mother’s remains, and became the first abbess of the Vadstena convent, but soon returned to Rome to agitate for her mother’s canonization and the confirmation of her rule. After five years she returned to Vadstena where she died on 24 March 1381. Rumours of sainthood and miracle-working seem to have circulated already in her lifetime. Around 1420 Ulf Birgerson composed her Vita in fulfilment of a vow to her on behalf of a sick nun. In 1463 Bishop Birger Månsson, on a visit to the Roman Curia, raised the question of canonization. In 1474 an appeal for Catherine’s canonization was sent to the pope by the council of Arboga, supported by the Vita and sixty-eight miracles. The pope appointed a commission with three Swedish subdelegates, and witness hearings were held in Sweden 1475–1477. The final outcome, however, was merely a papal bull for her beatification 1482, some years later an admission for local cult, and her translation was solemnly celebrated at Vadstena in 1489.		Catherine was born in 1331 or 1332 as the fourth child of >Sancta Birgitta and Ulf Gudmarsson. She was married to the knight Eggard van Kyren but convinced her husband to preserve her virginity. In 1350 she followed her mother to Rome and stayed with her until her death in 1373. She then returned to Sweden bringing her mother’s remains, and became the first abbess of the Vadstena convent, but soon returned to Rome to agitate for her mother’s canonization and the confirmation of her rule. After five years she returned to Vadstena where she died on 24 March 1381. Rumours of sainthood and miracle-working seem to have circulated already in her lifetime. Around 1420 Ulf Birgerson composed her Vita in fulfilment of a vow to her on behalf of a sick nun. In 1463 Bishop Birger Månsson, on a visit to the Roman Curia, raised the question of canonization. In 1474 an appeal for Catherine’s canonization was sent to the pope by the council of Arboga, supported by the Vita and sixty-eight miracles. The pope appointed a commission with three Swedish subdelegates, and witness hearings were held in Sweden 1475–1477. The final outcome, however, was merely a papal bull for her beatification 1482, some years later an admission for local cult, and her translation was solemnly celebrated at Vadstena in 1489.

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	* 1491: Opusculum vitae et passionis Christi, Speyer: P. Drach, fol. 78a-78b [k vjr-k vjv] [KB: F1700-1306].		* 1491: Opusculum vitae et passionis Christi, Speyer: P. Drach, fol. 78a-78b [k vjr-k vjv] [KB: F1700-1306].
	* 1517: Thesaurus animae fidelis, Cologne, fol. 155b-157a [v3v-v5r]		* 1517: Thesaurus animae fidelis, Cologne, fol. 155b-157a [v3v-v5r]

	~~Göran Bäärnhielm~~

	[[Category:Article]]		[[Category:Article]]

Hkllm at 16:02, 6 October 2010

2010-10-06T16:02:20Z

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Hkllm at 13:58, 6 October 2010

2010-10-06T13:58:30Z

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	====Editions====		====Editions====
	KLEMMING 1885, 74 (antiphon, titled Oratio ad beatam Katherinam, filiam beate Birgitte vidue with reference to the Opusculum cited below).		* KLEMMING 1885, 74 (antiphon, titled Oratio ad beatam Katherinam, filiam beate Birgitte vidue with reference to the Opusculum cited below).
	KLEMMING 1885, Additamenta, 74c–74d (antiphon, cited as part of the office Letare Syon filia, which is titled Historia beate Katherine de Swecia and attributed to Johannes Benechini, with reference to the manuscript cited below).		* KLEMMING 1885, Additamenta, 74c–74d (antiphon, cited as part of the office Letare Syon filia, which is titled Historia beate Katherine de Swecia and attributed to Johannes Benechini, with reference to the manuscript cited below).
	AH 26: 75, 219–22.		* AH 26: 75, 219–22.
	Summary of contents
			====Summary of contents====
	Antiphona super Magnificat: O Sweuorum aduocata / Catharina sociata / Christo eternaliter …		Antiphona super Magnificat: O Sweuorum aduocata / Catharina sociata / Christo eternaliter …
	Si quis voluerit missa de ea legere dicat officium vnius virginis cum collectis sequentibus.		Si quis voluerit missa de ea legere dicat officium vnius virginis cum collectis sequentibus.
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	Secreta: Super hanc oblationem nostram quesumus domine benedictio tua descendat,vt et ipsi tibi hostia placabilis efficiamur, beate Catharine apud tuam clementiam supplicatio et merita obtineat. Per dominum. (Cf. Corpus Orationum 5664b, Super hanc oblationem nostram, quaesumus, domine, benedictio tua descendat et, ut ipsi tibi hostia placabilis efficiamur, sancta Editha apud te obtineat).		Secreta: Super hanc oblationem nostram quesumus domine benedictio tua descendat,vt et ipsi tibi hostia placabilis efficiamur, beate Catharine apud tuam clementiam supplicatio et merita obtineat. Per dominum. (Cf. Corpus Orationum 5664b, Super hanc oblationem nostram, quaesumus, domine, benedictio tua descendat et, ut ipsi tibi hostia placabilis efficiamur, sancta Editha apud te obtineat).
	Complenda: Celestibus sacramentis refecti altaribus tuis domine inclinati deprecamur vt que in commemoratione beate Catharine deuote percepimus, Eius auxilio et intercessione nobis proficiant ad vtriusque profectum salutis. Per dominum. (Cf. Corpus Orationum 548. Caelestibus sacramentis refecti, maiestatem tuam altaribus tuis, domine, deprecamur inclinati ut, quae in sollemnitate beatae Cuthbergae laetanter percepimus, auxilio eius intercessionis nobis proficiant ad utriusque profectum salutis).		Complenda: Celestibus sacramentis refecti altaribus tuis domine inclinati deprecamur vt que in commemoratione beate Catharine deuote percepimus, Eius auxilio et intercessione nobis proficiant ad vtriusque profectum salutis. Per dominum. (Cf. Corpus Orationum 548. Caelestibus sacramentis refecti, maiestatem tuam altaribus tuis, domine, deprecamur inclinati ut, quae in sollemnitate beatae Cuthbergae laetanter percepimus, auxilio eius intercessionis nobis proficiant ad utriusque profectum salutis).
	Medieval reception and transmission
	Stockholm, National Library, A 92, Breviarium Birgittinum Gnadenberg, fifteenth century, fol. 67v–68r (antiphon only, see above).		====Medieval reception and transmission====
	1489: Opusculum vitae et passionis Christi, Antwerp: G. Leeu, fol. 127a-129b [q8r-r1v]		* Stockholm, National Library, A 92, Breviarium Birgittinum Gnadenberg, fifteenth century, fol. 67v–68r (antiphon only, see above).
	1491: Opusculum vitae et passionis Christi, Speyer: P. Drach, fol. 78a-78b [k vjr-k vjv]		* 1489: Opusculum vitae et passionis Christi, Antwerp: G. Leeu, fol. 127a-129b [q8r-r1v]
	1517: Thesaurus animae fidelis, Cologne, fol. 155b-157a [v3v-v5r]		* 1491: Opusculum vitae et passionis Christi, Speyer: P. Drach, fol. 78a-78b [k vjr-k vjv]
			* 1517: Thesaurus animae fidelis, Cologne, fol. 155b-157a [v3v-v5r]
	In all three prints with the title Oratio ad beatam Catharinam filiam beate Birgitte vidue. The antiphon, in the early prints, begins “O Sweuorum”, KLEMMING 1885, following the manuscript, prints “O Swecorum”.		In all three prints with the title Oratio ad beatam Catharinam filiam beate Birgitte vidue. The antiphon, in the early prints, begins “O Sweuorum”, KLEMMING 1885, following the manuscript, prints “O Swecorum”.
	(C) Sequentia
			===(C) Sequentia===
	The sequence Recensemus in hac die is attributed to >Johannes Benechini (attribution by KLEMMING and LUNDÉN, see Editions below).		The sequence Recensemus in hac die is attributed to >Johannes Benechini (attribution by KLEMMING and LUNDÉN, see Editions below).
	Incipit
			=====Incipit=====
	Recensemus in hac die / cum concentu armonie / Katherine gloriam.		Recensemus in hac die / cum concentu armonie / Katherine gloriam.
	Explicit
			=====Explicit=====
	Sis et nobis recreamen, / placans patrem atque flamen, / vt finale post examen / sanctis nos conjungat, amen, / salvator, rex glorie.		Sis et nobis recreamen, / placans patrem atque flamen, / vt finale post examen / sanctis nos conjungat, amen, / salvator, rex glorie.
	Size
			=====Size=====
	55 lines		55 lines
	Editions
	KLEMMING 1885, 75–77, after a manuscript in Helsinki, attributing it to Johannes Benechini.		====Editions====
	AH 42, 241 f.		* KLEMMING 1885, 75–77, after a manuscript in Helsinki, attributing it to Johannes Benechini.
	LUNDÉN 1950, 75–76		* AH 42, 241 f.
	Translation		* LUNDÉN 1950, 75–76
	LUNDÉN 1950, 75–76
			====Translation====
			* LUNDÉN 1950, 75–76

			====Metre====
	The rhytm is 8p+8p+7pp.		The rhytm is 8p+8p+7pp.
	Medieval reception and transmission
			====Medieval reception and transmission====
	Preserved in two Linköping manuscripts (MOBERG 1947, 305, LUNDÉN 1950, 75):		Preserved in two Linköping manuscripts (MOBERG 1947, 305, LUNDÉN 1950, 75):
	Uppsala, University Library, C 420		* Uppsala, University Library, C 420
	Uppsala, University Library, C 427		* Uppsala, University Library, C 427
	Helsinki, University Library, missal fragment Haapanen no. 344		* Helsinki, University Library, missal fragment Haapanen no. 344
	The sequence was sung in the translation in 1489, as told by Nicolaus Ragvaldi’s report: “… börjadhe Systrarna síunga Sequentiam af S. Catharina: Tricentesimus in hac die (!)…” (ANNERSTEDT 1876, 273; FRITZ & ELFVING 2004, see also Svensk Tidskrift för Musikforskning 10 (1928), 48 (MOBERG 1947, 305).
	(5) Epitaph		The sequence was sung in the translation in 1489, as told by Nicolaus Ragvaldi’s report: “… börjadhe Systrarna síunga Sequentiam af S. Catharina: Tricentesimus in hac die (!)…” (ANNERSTEDT 1876, 273; FRITZ & ELFVING 2004, see also Svensk Tidskrift för Musikforskning 10 (1928), 48 (MOBERG 1947, 305).

			==(5) Epitaph==
	Catherine’s epitaph in Vadstena, as cited from memory by two witnesses, one former and one incoming Confessor General, at the hearings of 30 August and 1 September 1475. The text is very simiar to the tombstone of Petrus Olaui, buried 16 September 1378 (Opening lines: Annis millenis / reuolutis septuagenis / Ac ter centenis / exhinc octo quasi plenis / A partu Christi / mortem bone Petre tulisti.) (GARDELL 1945, 1:276, no. 220) Authorship is undecided. This age is the peak of Swedish medieval Latin poetry, the age of Nils Hermansson, Birger Gregersson, Petrus Olavi himself and others. The text is as follows:		Catherine’s epitaph in Vadstena, as cited from memory by two witnesses, one former and one incoming Confessor General, at the hearings of 30 August and 1 September 1475. The text is very simiar to the tombstone of Petrus Olaui, buried 16 September 1378 (Opening lines: Annis millenis / reuolutis septuagenis / Ac ter centenis / exhinc octo quasi plenis / A partu Christi / mortem bone Petre tulisti.) (GARDELL 1945, 1:276, no. 220) Authorship is undecided. This age is the peak of Swedish medieval Latin poetry, the age of Nils Hermansson, Birger Gregersson, Petrus Olavi himself and others. The text is as follows:
	Annis millenis transactis bis quadragenis		Annis millenis transactis bis quadragenis
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	Dux, comes et via, lux, requies pia, nos laqueatos		Dux, comes et via, lux, requies pia, nos laqueatos
	Protege, preuia, duc, rege, deuia, respice gratos.		Protege, preuia, duc, rege, deuia, respice gratos.
	(When one millennium, three hundreds, twice forty and nearly one year had become completed since the birth of Christ, you entered death, Catherine. As long as you lived here, you were a bright shining star. Guardian, helper for the miserable in the agony of toil, Nurse and nourisher for many to the height of honour. Leader, follower and way, pious repose, protect us who are fettered, leader of the way, lead us, govern us, you who are out of the way, look back upon us who are grateful.)
	~~Rhythm:~~ First six lines: rather heavy versus leonini (NORBERG 1958, 65), two last lines: a more dancing rhythm, an imitation of tripertiti dactylici (6pp+6pp+5p NORBERG 1958, 67, 106), well-known from Bernard de Morlais’ famous Hora novissima, tempora pessima sunt, vigilemus.		(When one millennium, three hundreds, twice forty and nearly one year had become completed since the birth of Christ, you entered death, Catherine. As long as you lived here, you were a bright shining star. Guardian, helper for the miserable in the agony of toil, Nurse and nourisher for many to the height of honour. Leader, follower and way, pious repose, protect us who are fettered, leader of the way, lead us, govern us, you who are out of the way, look back upon us who are grateful.)
	~~Edition~~
	COLLIJN 1942–1946, 32, 47.		====Metre====
	GARDELL 1945, 1:278, no. 224		First six lines: rather heavy versus leonini (NORBERG 1958, 65), two last lines: a more dancing rhythm, an imitation of tripertiti dactylici (6pp+6pp+5p NORBERG 1958, 67, 106), well-known from Bernard de Morlais’ famous Hora novissima, tempora pessima sunt, vigilemus.
	Commentary
			====Editions====
			* COLLIJN 1942–1946, 32, 47.
			* GARDELL 1945, 1:278, no. 224

			====Commentary====
	MOBERG 1947, 145, no. 2.		MOBERG 1947, 145, no. 2.
	Medieval reception and transmission
			====Medieval reception and transmission====
	The epitaphs for both St. Catherine and Petrus Olaui are preserved in Uppsala, University Library, C 5, written, together with a memorial verse on Birgitta, quoted by BENZELIUS 1708, by the hand of Johannes Swenonis, who entered the Vadstena convent in 1387 (MHUU 1, 60, HEDLUND 1977, 1, 20, n. 9, MALINIEMI 1926, 149, AILI 1997, SCHÜCK 1887, 160).		The epitaphs for both St. Catherine and Petrus Olaui are preserved in Uppsala, University Library, C 5, written, together with a memorial verse on Birgitta, quoted by BENZELIUS 1708, by the hand of Johannes Swenonis, who entered the Vadstena convent in 1387 (MHUU 1, 60, HEDLUND 1977, 1, 20, n. 9, MALINIEMI 1926, 149, AILI 1997, SCHÜCK 1887, 160).
	Comments on language and a listing of metric inscriptions: GARDELL 1945, 1:161–74.
	These are memorial verses of a type, addressing the deceased, which rarely occurs on tombstones, but is rather more associated with liturgy. The specific mode of dating is however found in a few more tombstones (GARDELL 1945, 1:223, 236, 407, 421). Otherwise one might well doubt that these verses really had been put onto the tombstones. The quotation from memory of the Katherina verse almost one hundred years later is not a very strong testimony to that.		Comments on language and a listing of metric inscriptions: GARDELL 1945, 1:161–74.
	A. STRÖM lists fourteen versified tombstones out of thirty-seven (38%) from fourteenth century Östergötland as against nineteen out of seventy-one (27%) for the fifteenth century (STRÖM, 62).
			These are memorial verses of a type, addressing the deceased, which rarely occurs on tombstones, but is rather more associated with liturgy. The specific mode of dating is however found in a few more tombstones (GARDELL 1945, 1:223, 236, 407, 421). Otherwise one might well doubt that these verses really had been put onto the tombstones. The quotation from memory of the Katherina verse almost one hundred years later is not a very strong testimony to that.

			A. STRÖM lists fourteen versified tombstones out of thirty-seven (38%) from fourteenth century Östergötland as against nineteen out of seventy-one (27%) for the fifteenth century (STRÖM, 62).

	Bibliography		Bibliography
	Not checked 1483 ¤ Jacobus de Voragine, Legenda aurea sanctorum, sive Lombardica historia. Add: Antonius Liber: Epigramma in laudem urbis Coloniae. ¤ Cologne: [Ulrich Zel], ¤ 1483. 2:o £ A supplement to the Legenda aurea contains the material on St. Katharina, fol. 342c–346c.		Not checked 1483 ¤ Jacobus de Voragine, Legenda aurea sanctorum, sive Lombardica historia. Add: Antonius Liber: Epigramma in laudem urbis Coloniae. ¤ Cologne: [Ulrich Zel], ¤ 1483. 2:o £ A supplement to the Legenda aurea contains the material on St. Katharina, fol. 342c–346c.

Hkllm at 13:48, 6 October 2010

2010-10-06T13:48:05Z

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Hkllm at 13:39, 6 October 2010

2010-10-06T13:39:02Z

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Hkllm at 13:34, 6 October 2010

2010-10-06T13:34:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:34, 6 October 2010
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	====Medieval reception and transmission====		====Medieval reception and transmission====
	The main source is the manuscript Stockholm, National Archives, Skokloster 15 in 4°, described by FRÖJMARK 1992, 183–85. It contains the Vita with seven miracles, sixty-one selected and twenty-seven not selected miracles of the commission and fourty-eight miracles collected later. These latter seventy-five miracles have remained unpublished, but all 143 miracles were included in the translation by LUNDÉN 1950.		The main source is the manuscript Stockholm, National Archives, Skokloster 15 in 4°, described by FRÖJMARK 1992, 183–85. It contains the Vita with seven miracles, sixty-one selected and twenty-seven not selected miracles of the commission and fourty-eight miracles collected later. These latter seventy-five miracles have remained unpublished, but all 143 miracles were included in the translation by LUNDÉN 1950.
	(C) Miracles added after 1669
			===(C) Miracles added after 1669===
	Miracles collected later than the Henricus Tidemanni commission, most of them during the hearings 1475–1477. This group, when duplicates (= previously recorded miracles) are excluded, contains fourty-eight miracles from the Skokloster manuscript (LUNDÉN 1950, no. 96–143) and fourty-five miracles from the Processus. Unnumbered in BHL.		Miracles collected later than the Henricus Tidemanni commission, most of them during the hearings 1475–1477. This group, when duplicates (= previously recorded miracles) are excluded, contains fourty-eight miracles from the Skokloster manuscript (LUNDÉN 1950, no. 96–143) and fourty-five miracles from the Processus. Unnumbered in BHL.
	Title
			====Title====
	Miracula annis 1474–77 iuridice collecta (Miracles collected officially 1474–77).		Miracula annis 1474–77 iuridice collecta (Miracles collected officially 1474–77).
	Editions
			====Editions====
	One miracle (MYRDAL 1994, A1: Three Vadstena burghers in peril on the ice of lake Vättern.)		One miracle (MYRDAL 1994, A1: Three Vadstena burghers in peril on the ice of lake Vättern.)
	MAGNUS 1553, sign. E.4 verso–E.5 = Ch. 19 of the Vita Katherine.
			*MAGNUS 1553, sign. E.4 verso–E.5 = Ch. 19 of the Vita Katherine.
	Ch. 19 of the Vita Katherine which appears in all editions of the Revelationes S. Birgittae from 1557 to 1680, after the Vita abbreviata s. Birgittae, arranged in twenty chapters as in the Vita abbreviata (MAGNUS 1553).		Ch. 19 of the Vita Katherine which appears in all editions of the Revelationes S. Birgittae from 1557 to 1680, after the Vita abbreviata s. Birgittae, arranged in twenty chapters as in the Vita abbreviata (MAGNUS 1553).
	ASS 1668, 519, no. 75.
	ASS 1865, 517, no. 75.		*ASS 1668, 519, no. 75.
	COLLIJN 1942–1946, 76–77 (another textual variant).		*ASS 1865, 517, no. 75.
			*COLLIJN 1942–1946, 76–77 (another textual variant).

	Four miracles (MYRDAL 1994, A1, A2, A15, Extra 4)		Four miracles (MYRDAL 1994, A1, A2, A15, Extra 4)
	BÄÄRNHIELM 1990		*BÄÄRNHIELM 1990

	Five miracles (LUNDÉN 1950, 105, 115, 136, 137, 143):		Five miracles (LUNDÉN 1950, 105, 115, 136, 137, 143):
	ANNERSTEDT 1876, 266–67.		*ANNERSTEDT 1876, 266–67.

	121 miracles, documented in the Processus hearings, seventy-six of which were previously recorded (above, B).		121 miracles, documented in the Processus hearings, seventy-six of which were previously recorded (above, B).
	COLLIJN 1942–1946, 76–103 (MYRDAL 1994, A: 31 miracles), 108–23 (MYRDAL 1994, B: 21 miracles), 161–73 (MYRDAL 1994, C: 60 miracles) 177, 193–97 (MYRDAL Extra: Nine miracles).
	Translations		*COLLIJN 1942–1946, 76–103 (MYRDAL 1994, A: 31 miracles), 108–23 (MYRDAL 1994, B: 21 miracles), 161–73 (MYRDAL 1994, C: 60 miracles) 177, 193–97 (MYRDAL Extra: Nine miracles).

			====Translations====
	LUNDÉN 1950, no. 96–143		LUNDÉN 1950, no. 96–143
	BÄÄRNHIELM 1990, four miracles listed above.		BÄÄRNHIELM 1990, four miracles listed above.
	Date and place
			====Date and place====
	Miracles documented 1474–1477, in many cases taking place much earlier.		Miracles documented 1474–1477, in many cases taking place much earlier.
	Summary of contents
			====Summary of contents====

	Miracles from the Skokloster manuscript (numbers according to LUNDÉN 1950):		Miracles from the Skokloster manuscript (numbers according to LUNDÉN 1950):
	96) Prioress at Skänninge seriously ill; 97) Steward’s servant at Skänninge injured by his master; 98) Mayor at Stockholm, deaf; 99) Merchant’s son injured by tree branch; 100) Horse-driver injured by pole; 101) Man of Västerås diocese seriously ill; 102) Girl at Arboga, deaf three years; 103) Boy in Linköping diocese, limbs withered; 104) Nun at Vårfruberga seriously ill; 105) Servant of a provincial judge, arrow in head; 106) Woman, Skara diocese, dies in childbirth; 107) Woman possessed by devil; 108) Carpenter falls from a ladder; 109) Man in Dalecarlia seriously ill; 110) Boy killed under a carriage-load of firewood; 111) Estate in Småland threatened by fire; 112) Girl in Uppland, blind for three years; 113) Man, Linköping diocese, seriously injured in arm; 114) Man from Norway deadly injured; 115) Knight injured in battle at Brunkeberg 1471; 116) Three year old girl scalded during beer-brewing; 117) Four year old girl got lost in forest; 118) Palace servant, Örebro, insane after fighting the devil; 119) Man from Västergötland deadly injured by neighbour; 120) Man from Uppland seriously ill; 121) Man from Vadstena region injured by arrow; 122) Six year old boy crushed by falling tree; 123) Knight’s sheriff seriously ill; 124) Knight’s servant pierced by sword; 125) Two year old girl in Skänninge drowned in a beer-barrel. 126) Three year old girl got lost in forest; 127) Twelve year old boy scalded to death during beer-brewing; 128) Boy, Skara diocese, lame three years; 129) Twelve year old boy kicked by horse, mute; 130) Blind girl, Västergötland; 131) Man, Östergötland, injured in chest, lung hangs out; 132) Woman, Småland, seriously lame; 133) Monstrance with reliquaries, Ångermanland, stolen and retrieved in forest; 134) Three year old girl lame during epidemics; 135) Girl, Östergötland, possessed by devil; 136) Knight injured by arrow during siege; his son and wife get sick; 137) Same knight loses a gold ring in the field; 138) Man, Åbo diocese, leprous five years; 139) Councillor, Skänninge, unable to eat; 140) Still-born child, Östergötland; 141) One year old boy saved from fire by his father; 142) Knight’s servant drowned while transporting clods over a lake; 143) Knight’s servant gets insane after meeting the devil in the shape of a swine.		96) Prioress at Skänninge seriously ill; 97) Steward’s servant at Skänninge injured by his master; 98) Mayor at Stockholm, deaf; 99) Merchant’s son injured by tree branch; 100) Horse-driver injured by pole; 101) Man of Västerås diocese seriously ill; 102) Girl at Arboga, deaf three years; 103) Boy in Linköping diocese, limbs withered; 104) Nun at Vårfruberga seriously ill; 105) Servant of a provincial judge, arrow in head; 106) Woman, Skara diocese, dies in childbirth; 107) Woman possessed by devil; 108) Carpenter falls from a ladder; 109) Man in Dalecarlia seriously ill; 110) Boy killed under a carriage-load of firewood; 111) Estate in Småland threatened by fire; 112) Girl in Uppland, blind for three years; 113) Man, Linköping diocese, seriously injured in arm; 114) Man from Norway deadly injured; 115) Knight injured in battle at Brunkeberg 1471; 116) Three year old girl scalded during beer-brewing; 117) Four year old girl got lost in forest; 118) Palace servant, Örebro, insane after fighting the devil; 119) Man from Västergötland deadly injured by neighbour; 120) Man from Uppland seriously ill; 121) Man from Vadstena region injured by arrow; 122) Six year old boy crushed by falling tree; 123) Knight’s sheriff seriously ill; 124) Knight’s servant pierced by sword; 125) Two year old girl in Skänninge drowned in a beer-barrel. 126) Three year old girl got lost in forest; 127) Twelve year old boy scalded to death during beer-brewing; 128) Boy, Skara diocese, lame three years; 129) Twelve year old boy kicked by horse, mute; 130) Blind girl, Västergötland; 131) Man, Östergötland, injured in chest, lung hangs out; 132) Woman, Småland, seriously lame; 133) Monstrance with reliquaries, Ångermanland, stolen and retrieved in forest; 134) Three year old girl lame during epidemics; 135) Girl, Östergötland, possessed by devil; 136) Knight injured by arrow during siege; his son and wife get sick; 137) Same knight loses a gold ring in the field; 138) Man, Åbo diocese, leprous five years; 139) Councillor, Skänninge, unable to eat; 140) Still-born child, Östergötland; 141) One year old boy saved from fire by his father; 142) Knight’s servant drowned while transporting clods over a lake; 143) Knight’s servant gets insane after meeting the devil in the shape of a swine.
	Miracles from the Processus hearings (numbers from MYRDAL 1994, duplicates omitted).
			Miracles from the Processus hearings (numbers from MYRDAL 1994, duplicates omitted).
	—Series A (COLLIJN 1942–1946, 76–103), hearings 28 August–5 September:		—Series A (COLLIJN 1942–1946, 76–103), hearings 28 August–5 September:
	1) Three Vadstena burgers in peril on the ice of lake Vättern; 5) Woman, eye disease; 6) Four year old boy, lame; girl, lame; 7) Man, lame three years; 8) Man, lame two years; 9) Seven year old boy, lost during hay-making; 10) Four year old girl lost in forest while fetching a cooking-pot; 11) Sheriff’s wife, disfigured in face; 12) Man with eye disease, blind for three years; 13) Fifteen year old girl, epilepsy; 14) Six year old boy, damaged in eye by knife while playing; 16) Man with eye disease; 17) Wife, fire during flax-drying; 18) Vicar at Skärkind, twenty wooden houses burn down; 19) Town of Söderköping burns; 20) Man returning from Söderköping market, leg disease; 21) Man insane from disease for three days; 25) Seven year old daughter of Vadstena burgher suddenly ill; 29) Nun at Vadstena, deaf; 30) Nun at Vadstena, deadly ill (1455); 31) Nun at Vadstena, seriously hoarse.		1) Three Vadstena burgers in peril on the ice of lake Vättern; 5) Woman, eye disease; 6) Four year old boy, lame; girl, lame; 7) Man, lame three years; 8) Man, lame two years; 9) Seven year old boy, lost during hay-making; 10) Four year old girl lost in forest while fetching a cooking-pot; 11) Sheriff’s wife, disfigured in face; 12) Man with eye disease, blind for three years; 13) Fifteen year old girl, epilepsy; 14) Six year old boy, damaged in eye by knife while playing; 16) Man with eye disease; 17) Wife, fire during flax-drying; 18) Vicar at Skärkind, twenty wooden houses burn down; 19) Town of Söderköping burns; 20) Man returning from Söderköping market, leg disease; 21) Man insane from disease for three days; 25) Seven year old daughter of Vadstena burgher suddenly ill; 29) Nun at Vadstena, deaf; 30) Nun at Vadstena, deadly ill (1455); 31) Nun at Vadstena, seriously hoarse.

	— Series B (COLLIJN 1942–1946, 108–23):		— Series B (COLLIJN 1942–1946, 108–23):
	1) Woman in peril of drowning on road to church; 2) Man with epilepsy; 3) Still-born twins; 4) One year old boy crept into forest at night; 5) Woman, swollen tongue; 6) Woman suddenly ill; 7) Woman injured in eye; 8) Man insane for two weeks; 10) Six year old boy broke his leg when playing in a barn; 11) Three year old boy injured while fetchin firewood; 12) Vadstena burgher injured by weapon; 13) Three year old boy, disfigured leg; 14) Man fell from horse returning from church; 16) Man seriously ill; 17) Woman dead in childbirth; 18) Two year old boy fell to the floor; 19) One and a half year old boy crept out of bed and froze to death.		1) Woman in peril of drowning on road to church; 2) Man with epilepsy; 3) Still-born twins; 4) One year old boy crept into forest at night; 5) Woman, swollen tongue; 6) Woman suddenly ill; 7) Woman injured in eye; 8) Man insane for two weeks; 10) Six year old boy broke his leg when playing in a barn; 11) Three year old boy injured while fetchin firewood; 12) Vadstena burgher injured by weapon; 13) Three year old boy, disfigured leg; 14) Man fell from horse returning from church; 16) Man seriously ill; 17) Woman dead in childbirth; 18) Two year old boy fell to the floor; 19) One and a half year old boy crept out of bed and froze to death.

	— Series L(C) (COLLIJN 1942–1946, 161–73) contains witness hearings for the Henricus Tidemanni commission miracles, in some cases with additional details, but in many cases witnesses failed to appear.		— Series L(C) (COLLIJN 1942–1946, 161–73) contains witness hearings for the Henricus Tidemanni commission miracles, in some cases with additional details, but in many cases witnesses failed to appear.

	— Series Extra (COLLIJN 1942–1946, 177, 193–97):		— Series Extra (COLLIJN 1942–1946, 177, 193–97):
	1) Knight and squire injured in war; 2) Danish man injured during firewood-cutting; 3) Danish knight’s daughter, abscess in eye; 4) Carpenter of Arvid Trolle gets crushed when tarring a raft; 5) Man on Åland afflicted by dropsy; 6) One year old daughter of a squire seriously ill; 7) Six year old girl possessed by demons; 8) Ten year old girl lame; 9) Hemming Gadh, chancellor to the bishop of Linköping, ear-pain.		1) Knight and squire injured in war; 2) Danish man injured during firewood-cutting; 3) Danish knight’s daughter, abscess in eye; 4) Carpenter of Arvid Trolle gets crushed when tarring a raft; 5) Man on Åland afflicted by dropsy; 6) One year old daughter of a squire seriously ill; 7) Six year old girl possessed by demons; 8) Ten year old girl lame; 9) Hemming Gadh, chancellor to the bishop of Linköping, ear-pain.
	Medieval reception and transmission.
			====Medieval reception and transmission====
	To what extent the fourty-eight post-Tidemannian miracles from the Skokloster manuscript were spread and transmitted in medieval times needs further investigation, but seems little probable because of the late dating of this manuscript, i.e. 1521. The transmission of the miracles in Stockholm, National Library A 93, containing the hearings in partibus 1475–1477, is obvious, but confirmation in detail would demand a comparison with PAVINIS 1481, which has not been done. One special case is the first miracle recorded during the hearings of 1475, i.e. the case of tree Vadstena burghers in peril on the ice of Lake Vättern. It is the second last listed in PAVINIS 1481, 32, with reference to fol. 101 of a lost Processus manuscript. In addition to the extraordinariness of the event, that might be the reason why, as the only “late” miracle, it was included in the Vita abbreviata by Olaus Magnus, and in the succeeding editions of the Revelations, and therefore received a separate BHL entry of 1712.		To what extent the fourty-eight post-Tidemannian miracles from the Skokloster manuscript were spread and transmitted in medieval times needs further investigation, but seems little probable because of the late dating of this manuscript, i.e. 1521. The transmission of the miracles in Stockholm, National Library A 93, containing the hearings in partibus 1475–1477, is obvious, but confirmation in detail would demand a comparison with PAVINIS 1481, which has not been done. One special case is the first miracle recorded during the hearings of 1475, i.e. the case of tree Vadstena burghers in peril on the ice of Lake Vättern. It is the second last listed in PAVINIS 1481, 32, with reference to fol. 101 of a lost Processus manuscript. In addition to the extraordinariness of the event, that might be the reason why, as the only “late” miracle, it was included in the Vita abbreviata by Olaus Magnus, and in the succeeding editions of the Revelations, and therefore received a separate BHL entry of 1712.
	(D) Canonization process I
			===(D) Canonization process I===
	This is not the canonization process properly speaking, but a report on the hearings of witnesses in Sweden, inquisicio in partibus, held 1475 to 1477, dated Strängnäs 1 July 1477 and signed by four clerics from Linköping and Strängnäs, likewise imperial or apostolic notaries. We get insights into the beliefs and superstitions of the age and into the creation of a saint. Most important are the factual elements including national history, daily life, names of places and individuals of both high and low standing. BHL 1714 b.		This is not the canonization process properly speaking, but a report on the hearings of witnesses in Sweden, inquisicio in partibus, held 1475 to 1477, dated Strängnäs 1 July 1477 and signed by four clerics from Linköping and Strängnäs, likewise imperial or apostolic notaries. We get insights into the beliefs and superstitions of the age and into the creation of a saint. Most important are the factual elements including national history, daily life, names of places and individuals of both high and low standing. BHL 1714 b.
	Title		Title

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	Seven miraculous healings, most of them in the vicinity of Vadstena: 1) One year old boy fallen into a stream; 2) Nun at Vadstena seriously ill; 3) Peter Kråka, vicar at Vadstena, headache and lameness; 4) Nun at Vadstena, lame; 5) Birgitta Hansdotter, nun at Vadstena, toothache; 6) Priest’s maid, sore hand; 7) Woman vomiting tapeworms and toads.		Seven miraculous healings, most of them in the vicinity of Vadstena: 1) One year old boy fallen into a stream; 2) Nun at Vadstena seriously ill; 3) Peter Kråka, vicar at Vadstena, headache and lameness; 4) Nun at Vadstena, lame; 5) Birgitta Hansdotter, nun at Vadstena, toothache; 6) Priest’s maid, sore hand; 7) Woman vomiting tapeworms and toads.

	===Medieval reception and transmission===		====Medieval reception and transmission====
	The Vita, version of 1427 with three miracles, is preserved in two manuscripts in the British Library (FRÖJMARK 1992, 52). Earliest manuscript with all seven miracles is Stockholm, National Archives, Skokloster 15 in 4° (described FRÖJMARK 1992, 183–85), including also the Henricus Tidemanni commission miracles (see below) and dated 1470–1475. A copy of the Vita with sixty-eight miracles was sent to Rome from the council of Arboga early 1474 together with the appeal for canonization. A copy of this, confirmed by three notarial subscriptions, was returned to Sweden in 1475 as foundation for the inquisitio in partibus 1475–1477. It contained thirty-six folios and is often referred to, in the minutes of the hearing, as the Libellus rubeus (described by KOLSRUD 1935). Later it may have been kept in the Birgittine hospital in Rome and might have been among the documents acquired from there for Polish king Sigismund in 1590 (COLLIJN 1942–1946, IV). It is now kept in the Ossolinski library, previously in Lemberg/Lwów, now in Wroclav (FRÖJMARK 1992, 57).		The Vita, version of 1427 with three miracles, is preserved in two manuscripts in the British Library (FRÖJMARK 1992, 52). Earliest manuscript with all seven miracles is Stockholm, National Archives, Skokloster 15 in 4° (described FRÖJMARK 1992, 183–85), including also the Henricus Tidemanni commission miracles (see below) and dated 1470–1475. A copy of the Vita with sixty-eight miracles was sent to Rome from the council of Arboga early 1474 together with the appeal for canonization. A copy of this, confirmed by three notarial subscriptions, was returned to Sweden in 1475 as foundation for the inquisitio in partibus 1475–1477. It contained thirty-six folios and is often referred to, in the minutes of the hearing, as the Libellus rubeus (described by KOLSRUD 1935). Later it may have been kept in the Birgittine hospital in Rome and might have been among the documents acquired from there for Polish king Sigismund in 1590 (COLLIJN 1942–1946, IV). It is now kept in the Ossolinski library, previously in Lemberg/Lwów, now in Wroclav (FRÖJMARK 1992, 57).

	There is an Old Swedish translation of the Vita, preserved in “Jöns Budde’s book”, Stockholm, National Library, A 58, fol. 129–165. Miracles 1–3 are in fols. 162v–165: “Aff jerteknom epter hennes dødh”, but the last folio is lost, so the text breaks off in the middle of a sentence (Ed. RIETZ 1843, DAHLGREN 1865–1874, HULTMAN 1895).		There is an Old Swedish translation of the Vita, preserved in “Jöns Budde’s book”, Stockholm, National Library, A 58, fol. 129–165. Miracles 1–3 are in fols. 162v–165: “Aff jerteknom epter hennes dødh”, but the last folio is lost, so the text breaks off in the middle of a sentence (Ed. RIETZ 1843, DAHLGREN 1865–1874, HULTMAN 1895).

	Apart from the editions quoted above, there is also a translation into Low German of the three first miracles, printed in Lübeck 1496, fol. CCiir - CCiiir ”Van etlichen wunderwerken vnde van erer vorheninge. Dat xiiii vnd dat leste capittel”.		Apart from the editions quoted above, there is also a translation into Low German of the three first miracles, printed in Lübeck 1496, fol. CCiir - CCiiir ”Van etlichen wunderwerken vnde van erer vorheninge. Dat xiiii vnd dat leste capittel”.

	===(B) Miracles added in 1469===		===(B) Miracles added in 1469===

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	The listing of miracles reminds of the one in PAVINIS 1481 but is quite independent.		The listing of miracles reminds of the one in PAVINIS 1481 but is quite independent.

	====Medieval reception and transmission====		===Medieval reception and transmission===
	First edition 1489, second edition 1491 (the copy in Stockholm, National Library, is bound together with Thomas a Kempis, Meditationes. De vita et beneficiis saluatoris Jesu Christi. deuotissime meditationes cum gratiarum actione.) Same content was published in Cologne 1517 under title Thesaurus. [It could be mentioned that the Dutch translation of the Opusculum, edited in Antwerp 1491, does not contain this text but a legend on Catherine attributed to Petrus Olaui, translated from an unknown Latin original (COLLIJN 1934–1938, 113).]		First edition 1489, second edition 1491 (the copy in Stockholm, National Library, is bound together with Thomas a Kempis, Meditationes. De vita et beneficiis saluatoris Jesu Christi. deuotissime meditationes cum gratiarum actione.) Same content was published in Cologne 1517 under title Thesaurus. [It could be mentioned that the Dutch translation of the Opusculum, edited in Antwerp 1491, does not contain this text but a legend on Catherine attributed to Petrus Olaui, translated from an unknown Latin original (COLLIJN 1934–1938, 113).]

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Medieval reception and transmission

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	The listing of miracles reminds of the one in PAVINIS 1481 but is quite independent.		The listing of miracles reminds of the one in PAVINIS 1481 but is quite independent.

	===Medieval reception and transmission===		====Medieval reception and transmission====
	First edition 1489, second edition 1491 (the copy in Stockholm, National Library, is bound together with Thomas a Kempis, Meditationes. De vita et beneficiis saluatoris Jesu Christi. deuotissime meditationes cum gratiarum actione.) Same content was published in Cologne 1517 under title Thesaurus. [It could be mentioned that the Dutch translation of the Opusculum, edited in Antwerp 1491, does not contain this text but a legend on Catherine attributed to Petrus Olaui, translated from an unknown Latin original (COLLIJN 1934–1938, 113).]		First edition 1489, second edition 1491 (the copy in Stockholm, National Library, is bound together with Thomas a Kempis, Meditationes. De vita et beneficiis saluatoris Jesu Christi. deuotissime meditationes cum gratiarum actione.) Same content was published in Cologne 1517 under title Thesaurus. [It could be mentioned that the Dutch translation of the Opusculum, edited in Antwerp 1491, does not contain this text but a legend on Catherine attributed to Petrus Olaui, translated from an unknown Latin original (COLLIJN 1934–1938, 113).]

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Summary of contents

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	Three first miracles were included in the Vita until ca. 1427, another four were added in the 1440s and 1450s.		Three first miracles were included in the Vita until ca. 1427, another four were added in the 1440s and 1450s.

	===Summary of contents===		====Summary of contents====
	Seven miraculous healings, most of them in the vicinity of Vadstena: 1) One year old boy fallen into a stream; 2) Nun at Vadstena seriously ill; 3) Peter Kråka, vicar at Vadstena, headache and lameness; 4) Nun at Vadstena, lame; 5) Birgitta Hansdotter, nun at Vadstena, toothache; 6) Priest’s maid, sore hand; 7) Woman vomiting tapeworms and toads.		Seven miraculous healings, most of them in the vicinity of Vadstena: 1) One year old boy fallen into a stream; 2) Nun at Vadstena seriously ill; 3) Peter Kråka, vicar at Vadstena, headache and lameness; 4) Nun at Vadstena, lame; 5) Birgitta Hansdotter, nun at Vadstena, toothache; 6) Priest’s maid, sore hand; 7) Woman vomiting tapeworms and toads.